After NASA formally extended the operational mission of Chandra from five years to 10 years in September 2001 (including the science grants that fund astronomers to analyze their data and publish their results), in 2007 Chandra astronomers discovered one of the fastest moving stars ever seen, a cosmic cannonball that is challenging theories to explain its blistering speed. With the objective to improve weather forecasting and monitor environmental events around the world, NOAA-18 continued in 2007 to collect data about the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Its payload includes three co-aligned nadir-viewing instruments: (1) the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP, pronounced the same as calliope) to provide vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud backscatter and depolarization; (2) an Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) with three channels in the infrared window region optimized for retrievals of cirrus particle size; and (3) the Wide Field Camera (WFC), a moderate spatial resolution imager with one visible channel which provides meteorological context and a means to accurately register CALIPSO observations to those from MODIS on the Aqua satellite. The bottom image is a closeup view of the upper left quadrant of the rings, through which Earth is visible in the far, far distance. By end-2007, the twin Mars rovers were 46 months into missions originally planned to last three months. NASAs six-ton (5.4-metric-ton) spacecraft Cassini continued its epic 6.7-year, 3.2-billion-km journey inside the planetary system of Saturn. of Defense Executive Agent for Space. Shuttle Discovery launched on October 23 (11:38am EDT) on ISS Mission 10A, the 23rd assembly flight, with the crew of Commander Pamela Melroy, Pilot George Zamka and Mission Specialists Scott Parazynski, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson, Paolo Nespoli (ESA/Italy), and FE Daniel Tani who replaced Clay Anderson als ISS Flight Engineer for Exp. New Horizons passed Jupiter on Febrary 28, riding the planets gravity to boost its speed and shave three years off its trip to Pluto. Satellite images of Earth at night have been a curiosity for the public and a tool of fundamental research for at least 25 years. The electrical level and Xenon fuel feed can be adjusted to throttle each engine up or down. Both Voyagers are still working, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The main event in 2007 for NASAs Mars program was the launch of yet another unmanned exploration probe, Phoenix, to the Red Planet, joining five other spacecraft currently studying Mars: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Express, Mars Odyssey, and two Mars Exploration Rovers. In February 2007, it had already surpassed the record for the most science data returned by any Mars spacecraft. Its supply of liquid helium for radiative-cryogenic cooling was estimated post-launch to last for about 5.8 years, assuming optimized operation. Both satellites, operated by NOAA, in 2007 continued to provide global coverage of numerous atmospheric and surface parameters for weather forecasting and meteorological research. Today's VIS image shows the complete length of two channels in northern Terra Sirenum. The ring's discovery is among the strongest evidence yet that dark matter exists. One of the many diplomatic gifts presented to the Queen was a poster commemorating John Smith's voyage of discovery in 1607 using data from Landsat 7, MODIS, and EO-1. Comet McNaught In October, the New Horizons spacecraft found hints that Jupiter's tiniest moons have been obliterated. These are the most significant clue yet in the longstanding mystery of where the dust in our very young universe came from. When its temperature reaches 2 degrees Celsius, the spacecraft will be impossible to maneuver, and the mission will end, probably in 2008. The project is a joint partnership between NASA and the German DLR (Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt). These data have now been officially incorporated into the NOAA National Weather Service operational weather forecasts. As slight as that might seem, over the course of the mission the total change in velocity from ion propulsion will be comparable to the push provided by the Delta-2 rocket that carried it into space - all nine solid-fuel boosters, plus the Delta's first, second and third stages. As part of the COTS demos, SpaceX successfully completed the Critical Design Review (CDR) for its first Falcon 9/Dragon mission. The sharp vision of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys uncovered the speedy white dwarfs in the ancient globular star cluster NGC 6397, a dense swarm of hundreds of thousands of stars. Privacy Policy and Important Notices CloudSat will complete its 22-month prime mission in 2008 (February 27), possibly to go into an extended mission phase. Seventeen years after it was placed in orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continued to probe far beyond the Solar System, producing imagery and data useful across a range of astronomical disciplines to expand our knowledge of the universe. 2007 saw three shuttle flights, bringing the total number of shuttle missions since inception to 120. In contrast, estimates from WMAP data show the current universe consists of 4.6% percent atoms, 23% dark matter, 72% dark energy and less than 1 percent neutrinos. Their installation plus other maintenance, servicing & inspection tasks were accomplished by the crew in four spacewalks (EVAs/Extravehicular Activities) by Reilly, Olivas, Forrester and Swanson, running up the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th spacewalk in 2007. With a semi-major axis of approximately 200,000 km, its elliptical orbit affords ACE a prime view of the Sun and the galactic regions beyond, from a vantage point approximately 1/100th of the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Phoenix will be the first mission to touch the planet's water-ice. The smaller fires in the area around Los Angeles could be agricultural fires, but the larger, smoky fires are more likely to be natural or human-caused forest fires. The mission is. This grouping of two test rovers and a flight spare provides a graphic comparison of three generations of Mars rovers developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. . Discover the cosmos! Before the undocking on 11/5 (5:32am EST) crew members transferred 2,020 lbs (916 kg) of equipment and scientific samples to the shuttle, including the metal shavings from the SARJ for engineers to study and try to determine the cause of resistance in the starboard rotary joint. The comet tail is seen to extend at least seven degrees across the central coma is so bright it saturates. In addition to enabling the missions core business - providing the first survey of the solar wind in four dimensions (three spatial dimensions and time) - this combination has enabled scientists to make many groundbreaking discoveries, some in areas that were not even imagined when the mission was first planned. MRO began its its primary science phase in November 2006. They have provided a broad, beautiful picture, showing how humans have shaped the planet and lit up the darkness. Tue 17 Jan 2023 11.55 EST Last modified on Tue 17 Jan 2023 15.41 . The engines are thrifty with fuel, using only about 3.25 milligrams of Xenon per second (about 10 ounces over 24 hours) at maximum thrust. Spirit has recorded dust devils forming and moving. Fifty weeks worth of more than a terabyte of science data were downloaded from the spacecraft and relayed to a comprehensive computer database in the Mission Operations Center at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., where scientists began the painstaking task of data analysis and validation of the measurements collected from the gyros, telescope, and SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometer readouts, until the liquid helium in the Dewar was exhausted on September 25, 2005. january 31 2007 nasa picture. NASA explains about the image, "On January 3, two space stations already illuminated by sunlight in low Earth orbit crossed this dark predawn sky. The brightest members of the cluster, also the highest-mass stars, are known in Greek mythology as two parents, Atlas and Pleione, and their seven daughters, Alcyone, Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Asterope. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Chandra may also have cracked a 45-year mystery surrounding two ghostly spiral arms in the galaxy M106 (also known as NGC 4258), a stately spiral galaxy 23.5 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. By combining data from Chandra and the Gemini telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, the mass of the black hole, known as M33 X-7, was determined to be 15.7 times that of the Sun. above image, while the Get access to our automated daily newsletter and our premium news stories. These data are giving researchers a more complete picture of the causes and effects of atmospheric pollution. RHESSI (Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, in honor of the late NASA scientist who pioneered the fields of solar-flare physics, gamma-ray astronomy and cosmic ray research), launched on February 5, 2002, in 2007continued its operation in Earth orbit, providing advanced images and spectra to explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and explosive energy release in solar flares. Operators were encountering some noisy housekeeping telemetry, with no significant impact on science data. At maximum throttle, it would take Dawn's system four days to accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour. January 17, 2023 Context image. Scan by Kipp Teague. Dawn uses ion propulsion for years at a time, with interruptions of only a few hours each week to turn to point its antenna to Earth. GSFC There were eight successful military space launches (2006: 7; 2005: 6; 2004: 5; 2003: 11), carrying 15 payloads: one heavy Delta-4M vehicle, launching a DSP-23 early warning satellite, two Delta-2 launchers carrying two new GPS IIR navigation satellites (-17/M4 & -18/M5), four Atlas-5 rockets, one with eight individual payloads (mostly nanosatellites), two with classified NROL surveillance satellites plus one with the WGS, and one OSC Minotaur launcher with an experimental satellite (NFIRE). In 2007, the spacecraft continued to return stunning imagery from its continuing journey through the Saturnian system. By end-2007, ACE has been at the L1 point for more than ten years, and the spacecraft and instruments are still working very well, with the exception of the SEPICA (Solar Energetic Particle Ionic Charge Analyzer) instrument. A rare green comet, last seen in Earth's skies 50,000 years ago, is revisiting our solar system and may become visible to the naked eye within the next few weeks.. HST, however, found young white dwarfs residing at the edge of NGC 6397, which is about 11.5 billion years old. It also fires a fine laser beam of light that spreads out as it approaches the Earth surface to about 65 meters in diameter. The Pleiades, located more than 400 light-years away in the Taurus constellation, are the subject of many legends and writings. has rounded the Sun and will slowly However, due to a problem discovered late in the Phoenix lander ground testing program, it was decided not to use the MARDI (and an also included audio microphone during descent). July 19, 2007. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). 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