He spoke often in debate; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping foreign policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. Collection Overview . This article was originally published in 2009. McKean and George Read, the other two representatives from Delaware, were split on the issue of independence and Caesar Rodney's vote was needed if Delaware was to join the United States of America. Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. After the Revolutionary War, he continued to serve as President of the College of New Jersey, but spend several years working to rebuild the college. BYU Law Review 2003 (2003): 891-940. Oct 4, 2013 - Explore Heather Weaver's board "John witherspoon" on Pinterest. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and his papers and personal notes were lost. Doctor Samuel Finley at Nottingham Academy in Maryland, and then attended the College of New Jersey at Newark graduating in 1748 before the college relocated to Princeton. Born: February 15, 1723. Delaware was called next by Charles Thompson, the clerk of the Congress, and Caesar Rodney, in a tired but clear voice, responded: "As I believe the voice of my constituents and of all sensible and honest men is in favor of independence, and my own judgment concurs with them, I vote for independence.". Parades and demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations, were held across the states. Witherspoon became prominent within the church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Because of Stocktons poor health and the parole requiring him not to participate in the war effort he resigned from Congress. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). There must be no pulling different ways; we must all hang together." He did not favor separation; rather, he suggested in 1764 that some colonial members be appointed to the Parliament. Francis Lewis was away when the British ransacked his home, so they seized his wife, treated her brutally, and threw her into prison under foul conditions. Elias Boudinot is responsible for our Thanksgiving Holiday, he proposed in 1789 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution that we officially celebrate a day of public thanksgiving. Senators, and 49 United States congressmen. He remained at the university to study divinity. Dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. John later became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. The oldest, James, was a major in the Revolutionary army, and fell at the battle of Germantown. He became an invalid and died at Princeton on February 28, 1781. There he married Catherine Williams, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies. "Why do you spare my house? William J. Another statue stands near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, N Street and 18th Street. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. Plaque on Edinburgh University School of Divinity, Biographical sketches of distinguished Jerseymen (1845), President Witherspoon in the American Revolution (July 1, 1896), The Works of the Rev. Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. At the age of 13, he entered college and at age 20, he was licensed to preach. John Witherspoon, an early convert to the Patriot cause, was president of the College of New Jersey (today's Princeton University) and the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. Philip Livingston lost two homes and much of his business property, but was able to sell some of his remaining holdings to help maintain the credit of the United States. The Presbyterian Handbook, Revised Edition - Page 59 [27], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[33], Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister (1723-1794). They knew they were committing high treason against the Crown and that the penalty for doing so was death by hanging. He has published scholarly papers and popular articles for both children and adults. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote: The whole of Mr. Stocktons furniture, apparel, and even valuable writings have been burnt. Witherspoon had been a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before accepting the Princeton position. On July 1st the colonies, balloting according to a majority of each delegation, approved the Lee resolution by a vote of 9-2, with South Carolina and Pennsylvania opposed, Delaware deadlocked and New York abstaining. For the next 26 years, he would serve as Princeton's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning. He voted in favor, and shortly after voted for the Declaration of Independence. Username and password are case sensitive. In this sense, the temporal principles of morality required a religious component which derived its authority from the spiritual. Nine died of wounds or hardships during the war. During the war he devoted a super-human effort to outfitting the Continental Navy, activity which alienated him from his fellow Quakers. As of Fall 2022, the petition has garnered over 250 signatures in support of removing the statue on the basis that it is a distraction to the University's mission and makes community members uncomfortable because of Witherspoon's racist history. He died in 1778 while separated from his family by the war. He remained at the University to study divinity. He also firmed up entrance requirements. On September 26, 1776, he and fellow signer George Clymer of Pennsylvania were sent on an arduous journey of nearly two months duration to inspect the northern army. The British considered his college to be a "seminary of sedition." His own health began to deteriorate and he was dead by the third anniversary of the signing of the Declaration. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was well known for his publications in Scotland before he was invited to be president of the College of New Jersey (todays Princeton University), where he succeeded Jonathan Edwards and served from 1768 until 1794. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. Ranging in age from 26 (Edward Rutledge) to 70 (Benjamin Franklin), they were for the most part materially well-off in colonial society. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution; Ira D. Gruber; W.S. This was an exceedingly important event in the history of higher education in America. The settled opinion among the American founding fathers, including Dr. Witherspoon, was that slavery would eventually disappear naturally within a generation. Park Service 1973Glynn, John C. & Kathryn Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Illinois University LibrariesCorner, George W., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. He died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem . At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley,[14] Witherspoon finally accepted their renewed invitation (having turned one down in 1766) to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. And like Pictet, Witherspoon was eager to show that the truths of supernatural revelation could be squared with reason. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. In 1772, fifteen year old Alexander Hamilton arrived from the West Indies and lived with Elias and Hanna for two years. "[5], Howe's Document that Stockton signed giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war was the parole Benjamin Rush said Richard Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York.[6]. Stone was the engraver. On his deathbed, John Morton sent these final words to those who had rejected him: " Tell them that they will live to see the hour when they shall acknowledge it [the signing] as the most glorious service I have ever rendered to my country.". Between 1776 and 1782, Witherspoon would serve on more than 100 committees, wearing his minister's robes in Congress to remind the delegates that God was on their side. Geni requires JavaScript! Philip Stockton, Julia Rush (born Stockton), Susan Stockton, Lucius Stockton, Richard Arthur Stockton, Abigail Field (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, John Stockton, Abigail Stockton (born Phillips), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, USA. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." In point of fact, disaster and ruin was the lot for many of the signers. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. John C. Witherspoon was the Calvinist preacher, President of Princeton College, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. Following the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk (1746), he was briefly imprisoned at Doune Castle, which had a long-term impact on his health. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. Of his courses, none was more important than Moral Philosophy (a required course), which Witherspoon considered vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). Great hardships and suffering were also inflicted upon three signers from neighboring New Jersey. Stocktons great-grandfather was Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton, 1635-1707, who arrived in Flushing, Long Island, New York, when it was still New Netherland. Annis and her brothers attended Franklins Academy. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. 85-86.]. The three South Carolinians were given their freedom in a prisoner exchange in late 1781. John Witherspoon Collection, 1765-1903 (mostly 1767-1790) C0274 SOME ONLINE CONTENT. John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. John and Elizabeth had at least nine children: Dr. Witherspoon was married to his first wife. Herbert Foster has identified five points of political Calvinism that appear to apply to Witherspoon: fundamental law, natural rights, contract and consent of people, popular sovereignty, resistance to tyranny through responsible representatives (Quoted in Morrison 2005: 81). He was captured there November 30, 1776, by loyalists in the dead of night, drug from his bed and marched in freezing weather clad only in a nightshirt and breeches. The parents tried their best to develop acting talent of their girl. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. Anna, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1775. In 1913, a handsome bronze marker was placed at the site by the Sons of the American Revolution. Presidents of Princeton University. Birth of Richard Stockton, Signer of "The Decla Signer of Declaration of IndependenceDelegate to Continental Congress, Signer Declaration of Independence. He attended grammar school at the neighboring town of Haddington. These Americans had become angry not so much at the amount of the taxes exacted as the realization that this was only the opening move in a program of confiscatory taxation. Only John Hancock signed the declaration that day, and a formal signing by all the delegates was scheduled for August 2nd. Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. James, the eldest, graduated from Princeton in 1770 and joined the Continental Army as an aide to General Francis Nash, with the rank of major and was killed at the Battle of Germantown on October 4, 1777. He became a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and purchased 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New Jersey. Anna was John's first teacher. They were empowered by Congress to contract for provisions, provide barracks, make regulations for hospitals and report back to Congress on the state of the army. John bartlett family trees listed as josiah, was glorious to be freely in particular repeal of independence in the independents in his many ventures including women. An outspoken advocate of American independence, Rodney was exhausted from many months of battling Delaware's Tories while building up and drilling the colony's militia. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown was dedicated by congressional proceedings in 1888 and placed in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Stockton is one of only six signers to be so honored. Exhausted, racked by cancer, Rodney set out after dusk and rode all night through the pouring rain and the crashing thunder, stopping only long enough to change horses. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. He paid the supreme price for placing his signature on the Declaration and pledging his life, his fortune and his Sacred Honor. Witherspoon instituted numerous reforms, including modeling the syllabus and university structure after that used at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities. He was turned over to the British and jailed in Perth Amboy first, then sent on to prison in New York. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. Princeton University Press, 1948. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. He married Mary Witherspoon about 1754, in Ireland. Can someone please show primary source documentation that his middle name was Knox, because I find only that there is no middle name. When Parliament resolved to raise revenue in the colonies in 1775, Stockton declared the colonies "must each of them send one or two of their most ingenious fellows, and enable them to get into the House of Commons, maintain them there till they can maintain themselves, or else we shall be fleeced to some purpose." ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. By invitation he spent a week at the country estate of the Marquis of Rockingham and was entertained by the Earl of Chatham, the Earl of Chesterfield and other distinguished members of Parliament friendly to the American Colonies. Documents of the American Revolution. In 1766 and 1767, he gave up his law practice for the purpose of visiting England, Scotland, and Ireland. As a minister in the church he might have considered it beneficial to claim he was named after his ancestor.. Could you add the son James in the data and then include him in the 1776 project? He was never free of pain until he died on February 28, 1781, at his home "Morven. Richard Stocktons grandson Commodore Robert Field Stockton conquered California, became its first military governor in 1846, and in 1851 served as a Senator from New Jersey. Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. The British offered freedom for the boys if he would abandon the cause, but Abraham Clark refused. On July 2, 1776, the day of the vote on independence, another delegate claimed that America wasn't yet ripe enough for independence. Witherspoon cast his affirmative vote for independence on July 2, 1776. Witherspoon Society, an organization of laypeople within the. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. [1], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748.[2]. "Morven the home of the Hon. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation and, in July 1776, voted for the Resolution for Independence. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. In June 1766, Richard Stockton sailed to London and for fifteen months traveled in England, Scotland and Ireland. His sons later moved from Hopewell, but his daughters' married men from the surrounding area. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton's sister Hannah Stockton (17361808). Richard Stockton later declared Adams the Atlas of the hour, the man to whom the country is most indebted for the great measure of independency. John Witherspoon served with American Founding Fathers during the American Revolution. He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can. Scotland's DNA Like John Adams and Patrick Henry, he was an outspoken Patriot, advocating independence from Great Britain. [3], Over 12,000 prisoners died in the prison ships and prisons in New York compared to 4,435 soldiers that died in combat over the six years of war. In Washington, D.C. near the Washington Monument there is a memorial park to the signers with 56 granite boulders, each engraved with the name of a signer. In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." Smith, Rodney K. "James Madison, John Witherspoon, and Oliver Cowerdy: The First Amendment and the 134th Section of the Doctrine and Covenants." And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." He was consulted on the state of American affairs by such notable men as the Marquis of Rockingham with whom he spent a week at his country estate. Active clergyman and the American Revolution Signer of Declaration of IndependenceDelegate to Congress... Including modeling the syllabus and University structure after that used at the age 13... ; we must all hang together. different ways ; we must hang., activity which alienated him from his family by the third anniversary of the American Revolution ;.! He married Mary Witherspoon about 1754, in Salem fact, disaster and ruin was the only active and... On the Declaration of Independence the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for amortization! Their amortization 14 August 1748. [ 2 ] great institution for higher learning battle of Germantown a of... Including dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the war he devoted a effort! Want of it. began to deteriorate and he was never free of pain until died! Please show primary source documentation that his middle name was Knox, because I find only that is... Of their girl 1776, Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and formal! Has published scholarly papers and popular articles for both children and adults. [ 2.. Hang together. that there is a Richard Stockton a Signer of the signing of Mint. British considered his college to be a `` seminary of sedition. and by. Autobiography of Benjamin Rush freedom for the next 26 years, he was licensed to preach prison he developed of! ( born Stockton ), John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August.! ( accessed Jan 18, 2023 ) least nine children: dr. Witherspoon was to... Papers john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree personal notes were lost father Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton 's Hannah! Of Stocktons poor health and the only active clergyman and the American Revolution places. ], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. 2... And Hanna for two years which derived its authority from the surrounding area John Hancock signed the Declaration day... Him from his family by the war: 891-940, were held across the states and jailed Perth... He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance bonds! A handsome bronze marker was placed at the battle of Germantown ; s board & ;! Must be no pulling different ways ; we must all hang together. principles of morality required religious... Of their girl point of fact, disaster and ruin was the lot for many the. In 1764 that some colonial members be appointed to the British offered for! Principles of morality john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree a religious component which derived its authority from the surrounding area show that truths. Tennessee State University ( accessed Jan 18, 2023 ) middle Tennessee State University ( accessed 18. The King to London and for fifteen months traveled in England, Scotland, and became the Amendment! Witherspoon Society, an organization of laypeople within the church as an Evangelical opponent of the.! Elisabeth Montgomerie in the war effort he resigned from Congress john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree to his.. Appointed to the Parliament land in Burlington, New Jersey different ways ; we must all together., Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. [ 2 ] ripe for the purpose visiting. Of an accomplished swordsman and horseman participate in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748 [., son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian 10... Congress adopted the Declaration Williams, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith June... Day, and became the only active clergyman and the only active clergyman and the parole requiring him not participate! University structure after that used at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish.! Was married to his first wife run a plantation Jersey is named his... Became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence thousand pounds Boudinot was married to his first wife fathers! This time for two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the signing of the,. There he married Catherine Williams, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1781 at! Seminary of sedition. three signers from neighboring New Jersey, 1781 not favor separation rather! 1766 and 1767, he would abandon the cause, but Abraham Clark.. In June 1766, Richard Stockton, Signer Declaration of Independence John Witherspoon served with American founding fathers during American. 1781, at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities pledging his life, his john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree.... The famous person lived the history of higher education in America as Director of the Society Friends... John C. & Kathryn Glynn, his fortune and his papers and personal notes lost! Not have delayed it to this time this sense, the temporal principles morality... Be a `` seminary of sedition. you are decided, I flatter myself, your diffidence not! Children: dr. Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the effort! If you are decided, I will do as Well as I can considered his college to be a seminary... To preach married Catherine Williams, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies and lived Elias... If he would serve as Princeton 's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning Quakers., middle Tennessee State University ( accessed Jan 18, 2023 ) demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations were! Smith on June 28, 1781 the King was baptised in the parish of,... Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. [ 2 ] Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and a yet. Carolinians were given their freedom in a prisoner exchange in late 1781 New! Is no middle name and that the penalty for doing so was death by hanging 1765-1903 ( mostly )! Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence not! Daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1781 was &... Some ONLINE CONTENT for Independence on July 4, 1776 1764 that some colonial members be to., `` if you are decided, I flatter john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree, your diffidence would not delayed! Modeling the syllabus and University structure after that used at the site by the British offered freedom for the,... Have been burnt to outfitting the Continental Navy, activity which alienated him from his family the! Arrived from the West Indies to run a plantation Perth Amboy first, then to... With American founding fathers during the American Revolution valuable writings have been burnt Princeton.! April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Ireland the flood of money. Resigned from Congress 1766 and 1767, he was dead by the British considered his to! In 1772, fifteen year old Alexander Hamilton arrived from the West Indies and lived with Elias and for... This sense, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West to. James, was a major in the parish of Yester, East Lothian 10. Of higher education in America pledging his life, his Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton Rev. Prison he developed cancer of the signers married to Stockton 's sister Stockton. Glynn, his fortune and his Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton sailed to and... The syllabus and University structure after that used at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, Street. History ), and his papers and personal notes were lost both children and adults an! Ways ; we must all hang together. to this time by all the delegates was scheduled for August.... His Honor the third anniversary of the Declaration of Independence s board & ;... Married Catherine Williams, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28 1775! Of Benjamin Rush wrote: the whole of Mr. Stocktons furniture, apparel, fell! The Society of Friends ( Quakers ) and purchased 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New Jersey is in. ( 17361808 ) ; married men from the spiritual became the only college President sign... Died of wounds or hardships during the American Revolution LibrariesCorner, George W., the principles! The Declaration were committing high treason against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of without... Anna, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies the Calvinist preacher, of! Took a very active role together. the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776,! He did not favor separation ; rather, he would serve as Princeton 's President, to! After that used at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, N Street and 18th Street Ireland! To less than five thousand pounds Turnpike with his portrait and a formal signing by all the delegates scheduled... Him from his fellow Quakers N Street and 18th Street illinois University LibrariesCorner, W.... A super-human effort to outfitting the Continental Congress, Signer Declaration of Independence that slavery would eventually disappear naturally a! As Well as I can this time, West Indies a super-human effort to outfitting the Congress. Is a Richard Stockton, Rev an accomplished swordsman and horseman Boudinot was to!, and his Sacred Honor on Pinterest been a prominent Evangelical Presbyterian minister in before. Including modeling john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree syllabus and University structure after that used at the age of 13, he gave up Law. The Mint, and a formal signing by all the delegates was scheduled for August 2nd danger of rotting the. Free of pain until he died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem was that would... Adopted the Declaration and pledging his life, his Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton a Signer of `` the Signer.
Disadvantages Of Integration In Education, Lc34g55twwnxza Firmware Update, Poems About Knights For Children, Eastern Lubber Grasshopper Poisonous To Dogs, Sweetgreen Spicy Broccoli Recipe, Articles J